Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol & Additive Behaviour, Henry R. Kranzler & Pamela Korsmeyer, 3rd Ed, 2009 PDF
By:Gale Cengage Learning
Published on 2009-05-09 by Bukupedia
The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Drugs and Alcohol (as it was first titled), published in 1995, was the product of a massive effort on the part of Jerome H. Jaffe and a group of distinguished colleagues that he, through his long experience and many friends in the various fields of addiction studies, was able to bring together. The result of the collaboration among the members of this original group was a compendium of information from every viewpoint and specialty having to do with the use and abuse of psychoactive substances. We, the editors of this third edition of the Encyclopedia, have attempted to remain true to Dr. Jaffe’s original purpose as described in the preface to the first edition. The Macmillan Encyclopedia of Drugs and Alcohol has been written as a comprehensive source of information for non-specialists who have an interest in any of the diverse topics that are included under the broad general heading of substance use and abuse. While many of the entries are devoted to the actions of drugs on the body, the work as a whole is intended to serve the wider interests of social science and includes articles on social policy, history, politics, economics, international trafficking, law enforcement, scientific and medical research, treatment and prevention of drug abuse, and epidemiology. The title of the second edition, published in 2001, was modified to include addictive behaviors that did not involve drugs or alcohol. While paying close attention to the original vision and the broader scope reflected in the title change, we have tried to update and expand the work to include new and emerging topics and important developments in the many fields of addiction studies. We have included information on recent scientific discoveries and theories in behavioral neuroscience, which help to illuminate how addictive substances and behaviors affect the brain and the impact of these effects on behavior. This new scientific information also includes a growing number of discoveries in genetics, which have emerged following the sequencing of the human genome. In addition, recent advances in neuroimaging have made it possible to examine events occurring in the healthy and addicted brains of animals and humans, further elucidating the underlying processes. The results of new, large-scale population studies inform much of the epidemiologic coverage of substance use, abuse, and dependence. We have gone to some lengths to reorganize the sections on treatment in as intuitive a way as possible and to include new developments in the use of medications, which increasingly are being combined with psychosocial interventions in the treatment of individuals with addictive disorders. Recognizing the cultural importance of how addiction is perceived both in the United States and in societies and political systems throughout the world, the editorial board obtained authoritative essays on such popular subjects as drugs in the movies, the effect of the Internet on drug use, and the coverage of addiction issues in the media. In order to give the reader a broad view of how these issues are understood and dealt with in cultures other than that of the United States, we commissioned articles on drug use and trafficking in a representative group of countries and regions. We have tried to maintain standards of objectivity in the treatment of controversial subjects and to provide enough information on competing theories and points of view so that readers may draw their own conclusions. One of the main challenges in compiling these volumes was to ensure that the language used by the contributors was not so technical as to make the entries obscure. In reviewing entries prior to publication, a concerted effort was made to use lay language whenever possible and, when technical terms were required, to define them. We, the editors in chief, are satisfied that the finished work provides an authoritative source of information that will help to educate the general public on a variety of complex and controversial issues. This third edition contains 545 entries, of which nearly 70 percent are either completely new (133 articles) or substantially revised and updated (236 articles). Early on, the editors decided, and Macmillan Reference personnel agreed, that the extensive list of treatment programs included in the fourth volume of the first two editions should be dropped. It was the board’s judgment that such a list would fall out of date so fast as to be of little use to the reader. In early 2006, Kate Hanley of Macmillan Reference invited Pam Korsmeyer and Henry Kranzler to consider sharing the task of editor in chief of a third edition of the Encyclopedia. Both were pleased and honored to accept the invitation. Ms. Korsmeyer had worked for many years as an editor and writer on the history of use, abuse, and control of psychoactive substances, and she was happy to be able to reengage the field after several years’ absence. Dr. Kranzler has been a clinician and investigator in addictions for more than twenty years and welcomed the opportunity to survey the biological and medical aspects of the field comprehensively, as required by a thorough revision of the Encyclopedia. At the beginning of the Encyclopedia project, the editors in chief and the Macmillan Reference project managers agreed that the work of constructing the table of contents, developing ‘‘scopes’’ for each article, and reviewing the finished essays should be divided among six fields of interest. A prominent scholar was then invited to take responsibility for each of the six fields, and the two editors in chief oversaw three fields apiece. Henry Kranzler worked with Deborah Hasin (epidemiology), Kathleen Carroll (treatment), and Michael Kuhar (neuroscience and pharmacology). Pam Korsmeyer guided the efforts of Nancy Campbell (history, society, and culture), Eric Wish (public policy), and Virginia Berridge (international issues). Howard Kushner also participated in the initial development of the table of contents, contributing first-rate work to the coverage of history, society, and culture. When he found that he was unable to remain on the editorial board, Nancy Campbell stepped in, much to the good fortune of the project and the editors. The substantial organizational effort could not have been possible without the contributions of the staff at Macmillan/Gale, who were ably led by Kate Hanley, Jeffrey Lehman, and Alan Hedblad. Their tireless dedication kept the editorial board and editors in chief focused on the task of identifying suitable authors for the many revised and new entries, providing direction in the preparation of initial draft entries, and thoroughly editing the entries to ensure their suitability for inclusion in the Encyclopedia. PAMELA KORSMEYER HENRY R. KRANZLER
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